If there is been 1 immutable rule throughout American tv history, it has been local news. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby information where by sports activities generally performed a major position. An absence of constant programming sources in these early yrs led many stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its to start with broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC Record", 2003). When developing neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations ordinarily included sports and climate. By way of example, in 1961 WKMG begun its first complete-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's sports activities studies ("The heritage of," 2003).
Athletics have held a dominant place in regional information broadcasting for many yrs, but new marketplace tendencies have identified as into problem this situation. Segmented audiences, shifting demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its nearby sports phase. “Sporting activities is without doubt one of the past regions of Television in which individuals do things the way they normally have,” claims television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different technique is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Project for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Shifting channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Problem for Area Tv set Sports
None of the is good news for that neighborhood tv sports activities sector, which is ever more below scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its common existence within just regional newscasts, sports have very long been deemed a "tuning" variable. As outlined by a survey with the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers mentioned they were being 'extremely intrigued' in sports and 32% have been 'to some degree interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed desire within the weather conditions. "Sporting activities are incredibly polarizing." claimed tv news expert Brent Magid. “The bulk can settle for, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have demonstrated that women are much a lot less interested in sports activities than Adult men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening is not a great use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the sport, while others have diminished their allotted time. Depending upon the working day of the week (weekends have much more sports time), sports activities segments have typically acquired amongst 3 and 5 minutes of local news protection. Given that selection is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slice enough time for athletics by just 3 plus a 50 percent minutes for three hours of news. Other people within the business have implemented new strategies, which include sporting activities tales that target a lot more on individuals than scores or cater to a broader information audience. "What 스포츠중계 we're endeavoring to do now could be handle sports activities as news," suggests KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do something further than athletics” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in community sports activities may be a mirrored image in the tremendous upheaval occurring during broadcast information. In case the sports sector is now not Protected, How about other news features? CBS Group Information Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) reported, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more instant amount, adjustments during the neighborhood sporting activities sector right affect Countless aspiring sportscasters. Stations which are cutting down their commitment to athletics may also be lessening their sports activities workforce degrees, which impacts the job industry. A further news director mentioned, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to one entire-time, a person in control of the information a few times a week, and it had been a combat to remain there.”
Similarly essential, alterations in just how sports are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to discover new solutions. No longer can sportscasters concentrate on scoring. They've got for making the presentation extra engaging for regular followers. This can be also critical for journalism educational facilities across the nation, which need to document what stations want within the sports activities sector and update their instruction curricula.
Will these alterations get the job done or persist? Athletics journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented over the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment till September, when the Steelers, school, and high school soccer seasons start out in earnest. Then the station will be . There is an mistake in clock administration.”